Biologic Response Modifiers -- The Newest Class of Ankylosing Spondylitis Medications
Biologic response modifiers are the newest
ankylosing spondylitis medications. These medications selectively block parts of the immune system called cytokines. Cytokines play a role in inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNF inhibitors) are one type of biologic response modifiers.
These ankylosing spondylitis medications are highly effective for treating patients with an inadequate response to DMARDs. TNF inhibitors can be used to improve
ankylosing spondylitis symptoms, stop further joint damage, and improve joint function.
They may be used alone or in combination with other DMARDs,
NSAIDs, and/or corticosteroids.
Etanercept requires subcutaneous (beneath the skin) injections one or two times per week. Infliximab is taken intravenously (IV) during a two-hour procedure. Adalimumab requires injections every two weeks. The long-term efficacy and safety of these drugs are uncertain.
Side effects of Enbrel can include pain or burning in the throat; redness, itching, pain, and/or swelling at the injection site; and runny or stuffy nose.
Remicade side effects can include abdominal pain (or stomach pain), cough, dizziness, fainting,
headache, muscle pain, runny nose, shortness of breath, sore throat, vomiting, and wheezing.
Side effects of Humira can include redness, rash, swelling, itching, bruising, sinus infections, headache, and nausea.
Doctor monitoring is important, particularly if you have an active infection or a central nervous system disorder, or have had exposure to
tuberculosis. You will need to be evaluated for tuberculosis before treatment begins.
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