Glucosamine is a
dietary supplement most often used to treat
arthritis (although it is claimed to be beneficial for a few other uses as well). It is derived from the shells of shrimp, crabs, and lobsters. It is often used in combination with
chondroitin, another dietary supplement.
Glucosamine is an amino sugar naturally found in the human body. It is important for the production of certain proteins, lipids (fatty molecules), and other substances in the human body. Most researchers think that the supplement works for arthritis in several ways, such as:
- Decreasing inflammation
- Stimulating chondrocytes, the cells that make and maintain cartilage
- Decreasing the production of certain compounds that degrade cartilage.
This supplement usually comes in one of three forms --
glucosamine sulfate,
glucosamine hydrochloride, or N-acetyl glucosamine. Interestingly, some researchers believe that it is actually the sulfate portion of the compound (in glucosamine sulfate) that is responsible for the anti-arthritis properties. This might help explain the mixed results seen in clinical studies for arthritis, since the other non-sulfate forms might not work at all. However, it is not yet clear if there are any true differences between the types.
Is Glucosamine Effective?
Initial research (mostly done with
glucosamine sulfate) was almost uniformly positive. However, later research has shed some doubt on the effectiveness of glucosamine. At this point, it is not entirely clear if the supplement really does work for
arthritis.
Dietary supplements usually lack clear, evidence-based dosing information. However, the recommended dose for glucosamine has been clearly established.
Most studies show that glucosamine does not cause any more side effects than a placebo (a "sugar pill" with no active ingredients). However, a few side effects may be attributed to it, such as:
(Click Glucosamine Side Effects to learn more, including potentially serious side effects you should report immediately to your healthcare provider.)
Glucosamine is probably safe for many people when used appropriately. However, some people may be more likely to experience problems than others. Therefore, you should talk with your healthcare provider before taking it if you have:
Also, let your healthcare provider know if you are:
Make sure to tell your healthcare provider about all other medicines you are taking, including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
(Click Glucosamine Safety for more information, including any available warnings and precautions.)
What If I Take an Overdose?
It is not known exactly what to expect from an overdose. If you think you may have taken too much, seek immediate medical attention.
Storage Methods for Glucosamine
Refer to the label of your individual product for information on how to best store the supplement. Keep all medications and supplements out of the reach of children.
